Rau cov kws tshaj lij hauv toj ntxas, cov khw muag khoom memorial, thiab cov neeg xa khoom pob zeb, qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv raw granite thaum kawg txiav txim siab qhov ntev, kev zoo nkauj, thiab tus nqi ntawm lub monument tiav. Ib qho kev tsim qauv zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj carving tsis tuaj yeem them nyiaj rau lub pob zeb tsis zoo uas tawg, ploj mus, lossis tawg hauv kaum xyoo. Raws li ib lub tuam txhab suav nrog ntau xyoo ntawm kev paub hauv kev xaiv thaiv thiab kev ua haujlwm, peb tau tsim cov txheej txheem kev soj ntsuam nruj kom ntseeg tau tias txhua qhov block uas nkag mus rau peb lub rooj cob qhia ua tau raws li cov qauv siab tshaj plaws. Ntawm no yog peb cov lus qhia txog kev ntsuam xyuas hwm granite zoo ua ntej kev txiav thawj zaug.
1.Defining Monument Qib Granite
Tsis yog tag nrho granite yog tsim sib npaug, thiab lo lus "monument qib" yog lub ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb. Qhov tseeb monument qib granite yuav tsum ua kom pom qhov zoo, zoo li crystalline qauv nrog tsawg pom voids lossis ntxhia cais. Nws yuav tsum ua tiav qhov tsawg kawg nkaus compressive zog ntawm 1,000 kg / cm² thiab tus nqi nqus dej hauv qab 0.4% los ntawm qhov hnyav. Cov kev ntsuas no ua kom lub pob zeb tuaj yeem tiv taus ntau xyoo ntawm kev khov -thaw cycles, UV raug, thiab tuav kev ntxhov siab yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj.
Tsis tas li ntawd, headstone carving khoom yuav tsum ua kom pom lub peev xwm tuav cov npoo ntse thiab cov ntsiab lus zoo yam tsis muaj chipping thaum lub sij hawm sculpting. Cov pob zeb uas tawv dhau los yog ntxhib dhau lawm yuav tsim cov ntawv ragged thiab qhov chaw tsis ruaj khov, ua rau cov neeg txawj ntse ua haujlwm tsis hais lawv cov kev txawj ntse. Peb cov txheej txheem xaiv cov chaw txua txiag zeb ua qhov tseem ceeb rau cov blocks uas tsis tu ncua ua tau raws li lossis tshaj cov qauv ntsuas no los ntawm kev kuaj kev kuaj kev ywj pheej.
A.Detecting Micro fissures thiab Internal Structural Flaws
Feem ntau insidious tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv granite blocks yog pom tsis tau ntawm qhov muag liab qab. Micro fissures ---- hairline fractures tshwm sim los ntawm geological kev nyuaj siab los yog tsis tsim nyog blasting thaum lub sij hawm extraction ---- tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov qauv kev ncaj ncees ntawm lub monument tiav. Cov kev tsis zoo no yuav tsis tshwm sim thaum pib tsim tab sis tuaj yeem nthuav dav thaum lub sij hawm khov-thaw los yog nyob rau hauv gravitational load, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj heev xyoo caum tom qab kev teeb tsa. Qhov tshwm sim no tshwm sim ntau zaus hauv Indian Dub dua li lwm cov xim granite.
Txhawm rau txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov teeb meem no, peb siv ultrasonic pulse velocity testing ntawm txhua qhov thaiv tuaj. Qhov no tsis yog - txoj kev puas tsuaj ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm lub suab nthwv dej hla lub pob zeb; qeeb qeeb qhia tau hais tias nyob rau hauv voids los yog fractured zones. Blocks uas ua tsis tau qhov kev xeem no raug tsis lees paub ncaj qha, tsis hais lawv qhov kev thov kom pom. Rau siab - tej yaam num uas pheej hmoo, xws li siab upright headstones los yog cantilevered statuary, peb ntxiv ultrasonic kuaj nrog thermal imaging rau daim ntawv qhia nyob rau hauv ceev variations.
2. Dej nqus cov nqi thiab cov qauv ntom ntom
Dej yog tus yeeb ncuab ntawm txhua lub pob zeb ntuj, thiab hwm granite zoo yog txhais nyob rau hauv feem ntau los ntawm nws cov tsis kam mus rau noo noo intrusion. Tus nqi nqus dej ncaj qha cuam tshuam nrog lub pob zeb qhov porosity thiab nws qhov ua rau kom khov -thaw kev puas tsuaj, ntsev crystallization, thiab lom lom.
Peb cov qauv kuaj ua kom muaj kev nqus dej siab tshaj plaws ntawm 0.4% rau monument-qib granite, nrog rau peb cov kev xaiv hwm zoo ib txwm ua tiav 0.2% lossis qis dua. Peb txiav txim siab qhov no los ntawm tus txheej txheem boiling dej immersion test, ntsuas qhov hnyav sib txawv ua ntej thiab tom qab saturation. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb suav cov pob zeb qhov pom tseeb, uas yuav tsum tshaj 2.6 g / cm³. qis dua - granites ntom ntom muaj ntau cov voids sab hauv, ua rau lawv yooj yim rau de- icing ntsev thiab kua qaub los nag ---- ib puag ncig aggressors nyob rau hauv ntau lub khw thoob ntiaj teb.
Peb kuj sim lub pob zeb lub zog flexural, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tseem ceeb rau cantilevered ntsiab xws li niche rhawv, rooj zaum rooj zaum, thiab protruding caj npab. Lub zog flexural qis dua 1.5 MPa qhia tau hais tias lub pob zeb tuaj yeem tawg hauv nws qhov hnyav hauv daim ntawv thov raug tshem tawm. Rau cov haujlwm zoo li no, peb pom zoo kom qhia cov pob zeb los ntawm peb qib "siab-tenacity", uas tau dhau mus kuaj ntxiv dynamic load.
3.Inspecting rau Xim Uniformity thiab Vein Directions nyob rau hauv lub chaw txua txiag zeb
Cov xim sib xws yog qhov pom tseeb tshaj plaws ntawm qhov zoo, thiab nws yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam ntawm lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag, tsis yog tom qab cov blocks tuaj txog ntawm lub rooj cob qhia. Cov neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum tau mus xyuas cov chaw txua txiag zeb los yog thov cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog kev thaiv- cov duab ntsej muag uas qhia tau tias qhov chaw muab rho tawm hauv ob qho tib si qhuav thiab ntub dej.
Peb tuav ib lub tsev qiv ntawv digital ntawm cov duab thaiv rau txhua txoj hlab ntsha peb yuav. Peb pab pawg neeg muab cov ntaub ntawv rho tawm kev tswj xyuas, thaiv qhov ntev, thiab pom cov qauv ntxhia ua ntej lub pob zeb tseem thauj khoom mus rau kev thauj mus los. Cov ntaub ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo no tso cai rau peb kom phim cov kev txiav txim yav tom ntej rau tib leeg leeg thiab tsis lees txais cov blocks uas pom cov hlab ntsha ntau dhau, hloov xim, lossis tsis sib xws mica.
Txoj hlab ntsha kev taw qhia yog qhov tseem ceeb sib npaug rau kev siv cov txheej txheem. Granite nthuav tawm cov khoom muaj zog anisotropic ---- nws muaj zog heev raws li cov nplej (txhim kho cov pob zeb hauv av) dua li hla nws. Rau load-bearing monuments zoo li txhua kab los yog archways, peb taw qhia lub block lub ntuj grain vertically kom ua kom muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo tshaj plaws. Rau qhov chaw tiaj tus zoo li lub rooj-style headstones, peb taw qhia cov nplej horizontally kom txo qis warping. Qhov kev paub txog geological no ua kom ntseeg tau tias qhov kawg monument tsis tsuas yog zoo ib yam nkaus xwb tab sis kuj ua tau zoo rau ntau pua xyoo.
Xaus
Kev ntsuas hwm granite zoo xav tau kev sib xyaw ntawm cov kev paub hauv chaw txua txiag zeb, kev sim kuaj, thiab tes- ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas. Los ntawm kev tsom mus rau cov qauv kev ncaj ncees, kev ntsuas qhov ntom ntom, thiab xim tsis sib xws, koj tiv thaiv koj cov peev nyiaj thiab koj lub koob npe nrov. Ntawm peb qhov chaw, cov txheej txheem no tsis yog xaiv tau ---- lawv yog lub hauv paus ntawm txhua yam khoom siv pob zeb uas peb ua. Yog xav paub ntxiv txog peb cov kev tuav pov hwm zoo thiab peb txoj kev mob siab rau kev ua tau zoo, peb caw koj tuaj xyuas peb nplooj ntawv Hais Txog Peb. Hu rau peb pab neeg ua haujlwm hnub no los tham txog koj qhov project cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb.
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